Terms ?

Rootkit:
Program that hides in a computer and allows someone from a remote location to take full control
Trojan Horse :
A malicious program that hides within or looks like a legitimate program
Worm :
Copies itself repeatedly, using up resources and possibly shutting down the computer or network
Computer Virus :
Affects a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works

Spyware - is a type of malware (malicious software) installed on computers that collects information about users without their knowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user and can be difficult to detect. Some spyware, such as keyloggers, may be installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, or public computer intentionally in order to monitor users.


Adware (or advertising-supported software), is any software package which automatically renders advertisements. These advertisements can be in the form of a pop-up


•A botnet is a group of compromised computers connected to a network

–A compromised computer is known as a zombie
•A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access to Internet services
–Distributed DoS(DDoS)
•A back door-is a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls
•Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate
A firewall is hardware and/or software that protects a network’s resources from intrusion

Intrusion detection software :
•Analyzes all network traffic
•Assesses system vulnerabilities
•Identifies any unauthorized intrusions
•Notifies network administrators of suspicious behavior patterns or system breaches



A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea.^[1]
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,^[2] about 5,000 viruses have been described in detail,^[3] although there are millions of different types.^[4] Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity.^[5][6] The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology. Honeypot :
•Vulnerable computer that is set up to entice an intruder to break into it

Software Theft :
•Copying, loaning, borrowing, renting, or distributing software can be a violation of copyright law
•Some software requires product activation to function fully
•Information theft occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information
•Encryptionis a process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access

•Spam-is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting
•E-mail filtering-blocks e-mail messages from designated sources
•Anti-spam programs-attempt to remove spam before it reaches your inbox

•Phishing-is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information
•Pharming-is a scam where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and financial information via spoofing

1. Explain the main elements in the multimedia.
   (i) Text
   Inclusion of textual information in multimedia is the basic step towards development of multimedia software. Text can be of any type, may be a word, a single line, or a paragraph. The textual data for multimedia can be developed using any text editor. However to give special effects, one needs graphics software which supports this kind of job. Even one can use any of the most popular word processing software to create textual data for inclusion in multimedia. The text can have different type, size, color and style to suit the professional requirement of the multimedia software.
   (ii) Graphics
   Another interesting element in multimedia is graphics. As a matter of fact, taking into consideration the human nature, a subject is more explained with some sort of pictorial/graphical representation, rather than as a large chunk of text. This also helps to develop a clean multimedia screen, whereas use of large amount of text in a screen make it dull in presentation.
   (iii) Animation
   Moving images have an overpowering effect on the human peripheral vision. Followings are few points for its popularity.
   (iv) Video
   Beside animation there is one more media element, which is known as video. With latest technology it is possible to include video impact on clips of any type into any multimedia creation, be it corporate presentation, fashion design, entertainment games, etc.
   (v) Audio
   Audio has a greater role to play in multimedia development. It gives life to the static state of multimedia. Incorporation of audio is one of the most important features of multimedia, which enhance the multimedia usability to its full potential. There are several types of sound, which can be used in multimedia. They are human voices, instrumental notes, natural sound and many more.
2. A file format is a particular way to store information in a computer.
   (i) Give TWO examples of standard file formats of each element.
   Text - *.doc, *.odt, *.txt, *.docx